Some historians also argue that the Black Death caused people to question the church's emphasis on the afterlife and focus more on the present moment, which is an element of the Renaissance's humanist philosophy. Becoming patrons of artists was a popular way for such newly powerful families to demonstrate their wealth.
The Medici's, and many others, took advantage of opportunities for greater social mobility. The Medici family moved to Florence in the wake of the plague and over the centuries produced business and political leaders as well as four popes. Deaths of many prominent officials caused social and political upheaval in Florence, where the Renaissance is considered to have begun. Gottfried (opens in new tab) in "The Black Death" (Simon and Schuster, 2010). The Black Death helped set the stage for the Renaissance, wrote Robert S. This created an atmosphere for a revival in learning." "Conflict in Spain between the Moors and Christians also caused many academics to escape to other areas, particularly the Italian city-states of Florence, Padua and others. "When the Ottomans sacked Constantinople in 1453, many scholars fled to Europe, bringing classical texts with them," Susan Abernethy, a Colorado-based historian and writer, told Live Science. The fall of the Byzantine Empire at the hands of the Ottomans also played a role. Islamic countries kept many classical Greek and Roman texts that had been lost in Europe, and they were reintroduced through returning crusaders. While crusading, Europeans encountered advanced Middle Eastern civilizations, which had made strides in many cultural fields. The Crusades played a role in ushering in the Renaissance, Philip Van Ness Myers wrote in "Medieval and Modern History" (Ginn & Company, 1902). Europeans at the time studied on a larger scale Classical Latin texts and Greek science and philosophy they also established early versions of universities. The 12th century Renaissance was especially influential on the later Renaissance, said Wilde. Charles Homer Haskins wrote in " The Renaissance of the Twelfth Century (opens in new tab)" (Harvard University Press, 1927) that there were three main periods that saw resurgences in the art and philosophy of antiquity: the Carolingian Renaissance, which occurred during the reign of Charlemagne, the first emperor of the Holy Roman Empire (eighth and ninth centuries), the Ottonian Renaissance, which developed during the reigns of emperors Otto I, Otto II and Otto III (10th century) and the 12th century Renaissance.
(Image credit: Leemage/Corbis via Getty Images) (opens in new tab)Ĭontrary to popular belief, classical texts and knowledge never completely vanished from Europe during the Middle Ages. In this painting by Jules Laure, Charlemagne is surrounded by his principal officers as he welcomes Alcuin who shows him manuscripts. Some major developments of the Renaissance include astronomy, humanist philosophy, the printing press, vernacular language in writing, painting and sculpture technique, world exploration and, in the late Renaissance, Shakespeare's works. They expanded and interpreted them, creating their own style of art, philosophy and scientific inquiry. They sought to revitalize their culture through re-emphasizing classical texts and philosophies. Renaissance thinkers considered the Middle Ages to have been a period of cultural decline. "Renaissance" comes from the French word for "rebirth." According to the City University of New York at Brooklyn, intense interest in and learning about classical antiquity was "reborn" after the Middle Ages, in which classical philosophy was largely ignored or forgotten. In Africa, it also brought about the birth of the trans-Atlantic slave trade that saw Black people shipped from Africa to the Western Hemisphere to work as slaves on European colonies. However, while the Renaissance brought about some positive changes for Europe, the geographical exploration that flourished during this time led to devastation for the people of the Western Hemisphere as European conquest and colonization brought plagues and slavery to the Indigenous people living there.
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